CKO is a timed race in which one- or two-person boats start at staggered intervals.

CKO is a timed race in which one- or two-person boats start at staggered intervals.

Canoe/Kayak Orienteering (called CKO or Canoe-O) is an orienteering sport using a canoe, kayak, or other small boat. Usually, CKO is a timed race in which one- or two-person boats start at staggered intervals, are timed, and are expected to perform all navigation on their own. Portages are allowed. The control points, shown on an orienteering map, may be visited in any order. Standings are determined first by successful completion of the course, then by shortest time on course.

Traditional CKO controls may be places around a lake and in the woods.  The course is usually designed as a Score course with points assigned to each control based on difficulty and distance.  One or more competitors navigate the course in a canoe and the winner is the canoe team that accumulates the most points within the time limit.

CKO is best done in a body of water with many small islands and a complex shoreline. Frequently, two-person teams compete using one canoe. Some control points are accessible by water and others by land. Route choice is important: competitors must select both water and land routes so that the controls are encountered efficiently, and neither team member wastes time waiting for the other.

Canoe/Kayak Orienteering has no international sports governing body, although the US Orienteering Federation (USOF) does maintain a Chair within their Programs Committee. The United States Canoe Association (USCA) has held an annual Canoe and Kayak Orienteering Championship since 1996 and has offered CKO during its national championships since 1992.